All posts by Dr Deepan

Dr DEEPAN P SHAH MD(HOMOEOPATHY) SPECIALISED HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT, Infectious diseases, Nephrology, Urology

URINARY TRACT INFECTION

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Urinary Tract Infection is an infection in any part of the urinary system i.e kidney, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Infection of the urinary tract is a very common and distressing condition.

Acute infections of urinary tract can be anatomically subdivided into two general catagories.
Lower urinary tract infection
Upper urinary tract infection

Infections at these sites may occur together or independently and may be asymptomatic or may present with clinical symptoms.

When there are recurrent infections it can be classified as relapses or reinfections. Most relapses are thought to result from unresolved prior infections.

CAUSES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Many different micro organisms can infect the urinary tract, most common agents are the gram negative bacilli.

Ecoli causes approximately 80% of acute infections in patients and other organisms are proteus, klebsiella, enterobacter, pseudomonas, chalamydia etc.

PATHOGENESIS of URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Adhesion of bacteria is the first step in the pathogenesis of Urinary tract infectiion.

The entry of uropathogens into the urinary tract is usually from periurethral colonisation of females or often from prepucial colonisation of uncircumcised males. About 75% of organisms is distal urethra are a mixture of lactobacilli, streptococci, staphylococci, while remaining 25% are anaerobic. When the host defenses are weakened urtheral colonisation and mucosal adhesion of bacteria occurs.

Usually in a normal healthy individual a series of non specific and specific mechanisms prevent this process.

The non specific mechanisms are the flushing effect of urine, normal vaginal flora and tamm horsfall glycoprotein which complexes with bacteria and are eliminated through urine.

Circulating IgG and IgM in upper urinary tract act as specific immunological mechanisms.

Secretory IgA in the upper and lower urinary tract particularly the urethra provide a barrier to ascent of infection. In addition to humoral defence, cellular response also plays a role in preventing ascent of infection.

FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION

HOT SUMMER CLIMATE

There is lots of water loss from the body surface through pirspiration in form of sweat which causes depletion, it sufficient water is not consumed thos might lead to change in ph level of urine making it acrid which may excoriate the inner linning of urinary tract thus making it more sussceptible to infections.

LOW WATER INTAKE

Low water intake causes increase in concerntration of metanolites in urine making it more corrosive in nature to inner linning of urinary system thus damaging it and giving opportunity yo organsims to infect and colonise in urinary system.

DIABETES

High sugar levels are associated with infections as they not only reduce immunity but also provide with instant and easy source energy for micro-organosms to multiply and grow

IMMUNOCOMPROMISED INDIVIDUALS

Immunocompromised imdividuals especially those on therapy with drugs known to suppress immunity, individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Diabetics and other immunodeficiency disease conditions provide easy breeding ground for opportunistic micro-organisms to infect immunocompromised tissue of urinary system.

PRE-EXISTING GENITAL INFECTIONS

Pre-existing genital infection may fimd route from genitals to urinary tract and may infect it as well which is more common in females also in females ots seen that skin infecyions of vulva may traverse intonthe urinaty system and may infect it.

FEMALE ANATOMY

Female are more prone to the development of Urinary tract infection. Women have a shorter urethra, wbich shortens the distance that bacteria must travel into the urinary tract. Gram negative enteric organisms risiding near anal region colonise the periurethral region and cause infections.

USE OF BIRTH CONTROL DEVICES

Women who use diaphragm as a birth control have a high risk of urinary tract infections.

MENOPAUSE

After menopause there is decline in the oestrogen level causes changes in urinary tract and that make a women more vulnerable to infections.

SEXUAL ACTIVITY

Sexually active women tend to have more tendency to have urinary tract infections, as the act facilitates the entry of introital bacteria into the bladder.

BLOCKAGES IN URINARY TRACT

Any impediment to free flow of urine as with renal calculi, strictures,, tumors, prostatic hypertrophy favour the development of Urinary tract infections.

URINARY TRACT ABNORMALITIES

Babies born with urinary tract abnormalities that hinder the flow of urine to leave the body normally or cause urine to back flow urine up in urethra have a increased risk of Urinary tract infection.

CATHETHER USE

Use of catheters have a high risk of urinary tract infections. This may include in patients who are hospitalised, amd im some cases it also advised on daily basis especially in patients with urethral stricture, patients who are having neurological abnormalities, paraylsed patients which make it difficult to control their ability to urinate.

CLINICAL FEATURES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION

The clinical features depend on whether the infection is on upper tract or lower tract.

CYSTITIS OR URETHRITIS

Infection in bladder is common in women during thier reproductive years. Patient with cystitis or urethritis may be asymtomatic or may present with frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain and dysuria, nocturia, urge incontinence, a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying may accompany lower urinary tarct infection.
The urine may have offensive odour and haematuria occurs in 30% of cases. On physical examination usually reveals mild suprapubic or urethral tenderness.

PROSTATITIS AND SEMINAL VESICULITIS

The usual symptoms of prostatic infection are frequency, dysuria, perineal or groin pain, difficulty in voiding urine and painful ejaculation. Relapsing urinary tract infections are associated with above symptoms in men are suggestive of chronic bacterila prostatitis.

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a particularly severe form of upper urinary tract infection.

Symptoms of acute pyelonephritis include fever with chills, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

Physical examination reveals tachycardia, myalgia, renal angle tenderness. Most patients have significant leucocytosis and bacteria detectable in gram stained urine.

CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

Chronic pyelonephritis is known to develop as a result of infection and vesicoureteric reflex. It is a form of upper urinary tract infection. Many patients remain asymtomatic for a long time and present with symptoms later.

ROLE OF HOMOEOPATHY IN TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Homoeopathy plays a very significant role in the management of Urinary tract infections. In homoepathy we adopt a holistic approach to Urinary tract infection with a detailed case analysis and individualisation of each patient.

FEW INDICATED HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES

CANTHARIS

Cantharis has main sphere of action on the genito urinary system.Indicated in case of urinary tract infection. Cantharis patient has intolerable urging and tenesmus. Frequent urge to pass urine. This is one of the important symptom which points towards cantharis. There is intense burning and cutting pain during urination. Severe back pain, violent paroxysms of cutting burning pain in whole renal region. Urine scalds and is passed drop by drop.

STAPHYSAGRIA

Staphysagria is more commonly indicated in Urinary tract infections in female. Suited to women who are newly married and have ineffectual desire to urinate, as a result of sexual activity.,often known as honeymoon cystitis. Presents with burning in urethra while urinating. Feeling of pressure on the bladder with sensation as if undone completely. Sensation as if drop of urine is rolling continously along urethra. Prostatic enlargements which cause infections in urinary tract can also be very well managed with Staphysagria.

BENZOIC ACID

Benzoic acid is indicated remed in urinary tract infections, when there is a very strong smell in urine, the odour is as if that from horse urine. Another strong symptom that indicates Benzoic acid is intense pain in urethra. Also indicated in cystitis. The complaints of benzoic acid are changeable. When the urine is scanty or light he suffers from backache and pain in joints. When the urine is copious and plenty and urine is full of deposits he feels better. Presents with alternate light and heavy urine.

APIS MELLIFICA

Apis mellifica acts on the urinary system and presents with burning at the end of urination. The urine may be scanty,despite scanty urine the patient has constant urge to urinate. Urine is dark coloured or muddy. Presents with burning and soreness when urinating. A great anasarca appears and the face is swollen with bags under eyes. Great agony in voiding urine. Unconcious flow of urine.

SARSAPARILLA

Sarsaparilla acts through the ganglionic system upon the genitourinary system . Its is one of the indicated remedies in irinary tract infection when urine is either too often or too copious pale and scanty. There is much pain at the conclusion of passing urine, which is almost unbearable. Patient has to wake up two to three times at night to pass urine. Pain in the bladder region or lower abdomen extends to back.

BERBERIS VULGARIS

Berberis vulgaris has affinity towards the genito urinary system. Berberis is indicated in urinary tract infections. Cystitis with twings of cutting pain or burning sensation that extends towards the urethra and its opening may indicate the need for this remedy. There is no desire to urinate. After emptying the bladder the patient feels some urine is left inside, undone sensation. There are irregularities of urine, with copius discharges. There is Changeability of urine like benzoic acid.

LYCOPODIUM

Lycopodium is one of the indicated remedy in urinary tract infection. A marked feature or one of the prominent feature of lycopodium is polyuria during night must arise at night and pass large quantity of urine.,altough day time urine is normal. Painful urge to urinate, but has to strain to pass urine. Pain is felt at the back before passing urine. Flow of urine is slow and with feeble stream. The urine is often muddy with brick dust or with red sand deposits.

SULPHUR

Sulphur has a important role in urinary tract infection. The patient has unsual desire to pass urine at night. The most characteristic symptom that indicates the use of sulphur is great burning sensation while passing urine. Frequent micturation, enuresis. Mucus and pus in urine, parts sore over which it passses. Has sudden call to urinate must hurry. The urine scalds the urethra while passing urine and smartine is so intense that it lasts for a long time after urination.

CLEMATIS ERECTA

Clematis has main sphere of action on the genito urinary tract. Its is very effective for urine infections in patients who have suffered from sexually transmitted disease. Slow inflammation of urethra will infilterate and urethra feels like a large whip cord, painful on pressure. Patient cannot emtpty bladder completely. He has undone sensation, when he appears to have finished urinating, it wil keep dribbling often. Presents with frequent scanty urination.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Some useful steps to reduce your risk of Urinary tract infections

Stay hydrated, drink plenty of liquids. Drinking enough water helps to dilute your
urine and hence ensures that you will urinate more frequently allowing the bacteria to be flushed from your urinary tract.

Urinate frequently, do not hold urine when you need to urinate. Holding urine when you need to evacuate can help the bacteria present that may develop into infectiions.

Emtpty your bladder soon after intercourse and drink enough water to flush out the bacterias.

Maintain good hygeine. Keep genital area clean, after urinating and bowel movement always clean the area from front to back by doing so it wil prevent bacteria in anal region from spreading to vagina and urethra.

Avoid using scented feminine products and use of douches, diaphragms which can cause irritation and infections which contribute to bacterial growths leading to urinary tract infections.

Wear comfortable cotton undergarments as other fabrics can trap moisture creating a potential breeding for bacteria. Avoid tight clothing.

HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT

LIFESTYLE DISEASES AND HOMEOPATHY

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LIFESTYLE DISEASES OR DISORDERS

Lifestyle Diseases and Role of Homeopathy.

Firstly let us understand what lifestyle means,

Lifestyle means a pattern of individual practices and personal behavioral choices or in a more simpler way we can describe lifestyle as “the way people live”, i.e day to day habits of an individual.

What Are Lifestyle Diseases or Disorders?

The diseases which primarily arises from the abnormal lifestyle of a person are grouped under the term lifestyle diseases or disorders.

Adopting an unhealthy lifestyle pattern leads to increase in both physical and mental diseases.

Lifestyle diseases too have become an epidemic and causes much greater public threat than any other epidemic.

It is seen that almost every 2nd individual suffer from some kind of lifestyle diseases.

Unfortunately, these lifestyle diseases are no longer restricted to people in their forties and fifties but has affecting the young adult zone and children as well.

Incidence And Causes Of Lifestyle Disorders

It is in practice that more than 30% of Indians over 30 years of age or even below 30 are suffering from one or more lifestyle diseases.

In our day to day life it is seen that, there are always deadlines, office or work pressure, family pressure, due dates and many other priorities. Thus due to this continous busy schedule and tension our mind and body are exhausted and we do not usually get the requied rest.

The risk of developing lifestyle disorder depends on various factors including the kind of work one does, the environment where the person lives, the type of food he consumes and various unavoidable stressful situations.

The World health organisation identifies following as major risk factors for developing lifestyle disorders.

  • Improper Diet
  • Stress
  • Lack of Physical Activity
  • Disturbed Biological Clock
  • Alcoholism
  • Smoking

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON HEALTH

Present or current scenario of technological advancements, globalisation, consumerism, substance abuse, disturbed family life, stress, competative working pattern have a severe impact on the health of an individual.

When we consider each of the lifestyle diseases in our daily practice we see a huge number of population are restricted to thier gadgets (cell phones, laptops, computers) and hence are always in their comfort zone. They are usually unaware about how harmful the use of technology is and how it is having a negative impact on their daily life. They are only aware of its adverse effects when their body starts showing the symptoms.

Let us see how some of the factors which are affecting health.

Prolonged use of laptops, cellphones, computers, continous watching of televison, may lead to spondylosis causing neck pain along with pain in the spine, trapezitis, tendinitis, trigger thumb, carpel tunnel syndrome, sciatica, strain on eyes, along with headache, fatigue, exhaustion, etc.

Prolong standing or wrong sitting posture gives strain on the backbone and causes chronic back pain. Also sitting for long induces continuous pressure on posterior aspect of thighs and hips which are largest muscle group of our body and almost centrally located this obliterates blood vessel on a very significant region of body thus disturbing the blood flow and circulatory pressure and pattern giving rise to engorged vessels in ano-rectal region and coccyxgodynia due to pressure on tissue and lack of circulation causing damage around coccyx. Not only this the circulatory disturbance of this scale due to pressure on significantly large part of body for prolonged period of time also gives rise to low tissue perfussion of blood in the dependent part that are compressed due to pressure in sitting posture, so then there is compensatory increase blood pressure to make sufficient tissue perfussion of blood where ever the blood vessels are compressed due to seated posture and mechanical pressure compression, this leads to high blood pressure.

Radiations generated by cellphones, and heat generated by laptop have adverse effect on the fertility.

People working against the biological clock, working continously on computers causing insomnia, and gastric disturbances.

Not to mention the addiction and psychological stress prosuced sue to social sites and unhealth mind again leads to unhealthy body.

SOME COMMON TYPES OF LIFESTYLE DISORDERS

It is usually seen that the onset of lifestyle disorders is insidious, it may take years to develop one.

But once these disorders are detected there has to be a total vigilance in the way of life along with proper medication and treatment for the same.

In present generation Stress tops the chart of causation of many diseases like obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cancers, etc.

Not that stress was never present in our ancestors in the past, but it was combated with stress busters like spending time with family and friends, excercising, meditation, etc., in present generation mankind had distanced self from all this stress busters and are more influenced by technology.

Few Common Lifestyle Disorders Are

INSULIN RESISTANCE and METABOLIC SYNDROME

Imbalance in energy utilisation and storage, as a result of disturbances in multiple physiological functioning, especially insulin resistance considered as a major contributing factor which results into metabolic syndrome which presents itself with collection of signs like Hyperglycemia, Central Obesity Hypertension, Dyslipidemia – High Triglycerides and Low HDL.

Lifestyle factors like Stress, disturbed chronobiology, improper diet, frequent consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, alcoholism substance abuse or psychotropic and certain other longterm medications, sedendary life, and definately genetics play major role in development of metabolic syndrome.

OBESITY
Indis has been ranked as second higest nation to have huge number of obese individuals. Obesity is a very fatal condition which makes an individual more vulnerable to lifestyle disorders. Obesity is one of the important disorder caused due to sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, reduced physical activity, stressful life etc.

DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. It is a complex condition in which the blood sugar levels are raised for a long period of time either because of inadequacy of insulin production or lack of body cell responses to insulin. Diabetes is also a result of age, stress, sedentary lifestyle, obesity etc.

HYPERTENSION

Hypertension is a term used for a condition of body in which the blood pressure is higher than the normal. Its one of the common lifestyle disorder. Various causes related to hypertension mainly stress, sedentary lifestyle, increased salt intake.

Basically Hypertension in most of the cases is a compensatory mechanism of the body which is brought in place by body to counter reduced tissue perfussion of blood caused due to obesity lack of exercise and wrong postures where circulation is obliterated of a larger area due to pressure for long period like sitting in almost same posture  for long or lying in almost same posture for long; Or in posture where dependent parts are not moved for longer period of time causing difficulty in circulation due gravity like standing for prolonged period or hanging limbs for prolonged period of time.

Salt restriction, regular excercise, proper diet, decrease stress help to manage hypertension.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Any abnormality or irregularity which affects the heart muscles and blood vessel walls can be refered to as heart disease. Elevated level of cholestrol and triglycerides are major markers for heart diseases.
There is a huge number of population in India who suffer from cardiovascular diseases. Again it is one of the lifestyle disorder sedentary habits, stress, increased level of cholestrol, improper diet are some of the reasons for cardiovascular diseases.

CARCINOMAS

Due to stressfull lifestyle we lead, there is decrease in immunity of our body, WBC’s loose thier power to fight the viruses that enter our body. Ther may be an irregular cell growth which can be concluded as carcinoma when diagnosed appropriately.

RESPIRATORY DISEASES

In present practice we notice a huge number of population suffering from reccurent respiratory tract infections. It may be worsend due to continous influence to body to abnoxious agents, may be occupational harmful chemical exposures, prolong use of antihistamines anticold cough medicines, habit of smoking has a very severe impact on health which leads to various repiratory diseases.

AUTOIMMUNE COMPLAINTS

Due to sedentary lifetsyle, decreased physical activity, obesity and improper diet many other causes leads to various joint complaints like arthritis,rheumatoid arthitis, gout etc.

DEPRESSION and ANXIETY

Stress and anxiety trigger a number of lifestyle disorders. Continous worry stress, family tensions, work pressure, health concerns, unemployment, love failures have a direct impact on the mental or emotional health of the person. Continous stress worry leads to anxiety neurosis and depression.

Along with the above mentioned lifestyle disorders there are various other diseases which directly or indirectly have an impact on the health of an individual due to lifestyle.

ROLE OF HOMOEOPATHY IN LIFESTYLE DISEASES OR DISORDERS.

Homoeopathy plays a very significant role in the management of lifestyle disorders.

Lifestyle disorders are a threat to the socio economic aspect of nation globally and appropriate actions for their management are the need for the moment.

Management of lifestyle diseases include proper diagnosis and treatment for the same.

Homoeopathy has a major role to play in the management of present day lifestyle diseases.

Homoepathy medicines strengthens the immunity of the body to fight against pathogens. They act on much deeper level both at physical and emotional health.

Homeopathy is a complete system of medicine discovered by a German physician Dr Samuel Hahneman.

Dr Hahneman highlights the importance of healthy lifestyle. He advises to remove all influences which hinder cure.
According to him hinderances to the cure of chronic diseases are exccesive hardships, laboring, grief, hunger, poverty, sudden death of loved ones etc. He advised to avoid sedentary life that interferes with health.

In case of lifestyle disorders Homoepathic management include a detailed individualised study of the patient. A constitutional medicine is selected based on individualised approach. A holistic approach towards each case really helps to give wonderful results.

PREVENTION OF LIFESTYLE DISORDER

A healthy lifestyle should be adopted to combat life style disorders.

Health rests on three pillars

  1. DIET
  2. EXERCISE
  3. REST

If any one of above three is disturbed the health will fall

PROPER DIET

There is a well known proverb in ayurveda that says

” If your diet is not proper, no medicines will work

And

If your diet is proper then no medicines will be required.”

Diet rich in fiber and nutients, fresh fruits, vegetables should be a regular part of meal.
Avoid skipping meals.,junk food, fatty food, aerated drinks as they do no good but just harm the body in many ways.

ADEQUATE EXERCISE

Exercise helps improve circulation and secrete ample of anabolic hormones thus wash off metabolites and other harmful substances from body.

The root cause of most of the lifestyle disorders is obesity. It is really importamt to maintain a ideal body weight. Regular exercise, brisk walk, yoga help to comabat many diseases

REST TO MIND AND BODY

Stress Management

Proper hormone flow depends much on balanced mind as its optimal balance is dependent on a very delicate Hypothalamo-Pitutary-Hormonal Axis. Which is much dependent on psychological wellbeing and vice-a-versa.

Proper guidance and counselling to combat stress. Involve in recreational activities which help to relieve stress. Practice yoga, music therapy, maintain a balance between work and family., proper balanced food with adequate sleep.

Adequate Sleep

Most of the hormones and other repair mediators within body are secreted most abaundantly during and deeper the sleep better the repair work in body.

Continous and undisturbed sleep of 7 to 8 hours helps to solve many health issues.

HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT, Orthopedic

GANGLION CYST cured with Homeopathy

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Ganglion Cyst also called Synovial Cyst is a soft but firm cystic overgrowth usually found near joints and tendon sheaths.

APPEARANCE OF GANGLION CYST  AND ITS AMBIGUOUS NOMENCLATURE

SIZE AND SHAPE OF GANGLION CYST

It is somewhat round in shape well-demarcated margins and can grow upto 5cm in size. The average size is 2cm.

CONSISTENCY OF GANGLION CYST

Most of them have consistency that is seemingly hard but its fluid filled within so its best described as “Soft but Firm”. It is so, because though fluid filled the firm character is derived due to the wall of the cyst which is thin but tough and firm due to high tensile strenght of the wall and also it actually divides or breakes-off shoots at various points into many thin films which runs randomly into the depth of the cyst and each film of wall intermingling and interlacing with each other and forming a mesh work just like a complex knotty intermingled bunch of thread, this also turns larger cyst into collection of multiple small cysts within.

Due to this the term Ganglion was derived which actually meant “Knot Beneath Skin”.

It does have a larger cystic space within but rest of it is much of multiple very small cysts giving it hard and firmer character. the firmer the cyst more of the wall meshwork within. Softer Ganglion are more of fluid within and lesser wall meshwork.

LOCATIONS OF GANGLION CYST

They appear near almost any joints and tendon sheaths wether hands, feets, within knee joint near cruciate ligaments or hoffa’s infrapatellar fat pad, near shoulder joint where larger cysts apposing or adjoining each other have known to compress nerve within, acromioclavicular joint within gastroncemous muscle, biceps tendon, peroneal nerve sheath, it can rarely be intraosseous, it is also seen in popleteal artery from from within tunica adventia layer of the artery and such condition is not common but is termed as Cystic Adventitial Disease.

The most common site of it appearance is wrist joint, along the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis especially when it passes over wrist joint on dorsal aspect.It is also commonly found on fingers mostly near joints

They also appear on feet almost 40% lumps found on feet turn out to be Ganglion cyst but there are very rare chance of them appearing on soles and heels the reason may be because there is constant tapping of that region with floor and that was the old treatment to treat ganglion cyst that is to tap it with thick book like Bibble, that why it was also called “Bibble Cyst” in ancient times.

Ganglion cyst is a misnomer used since ancient times, remaining unchanged till date, making it ambiguous term which is not at all related in anyways to the neuronal ganglion or ganglion cell.

CAUSES OF GANGLION CYST

Herniation Hypothesis

Althought the exact cause of Ganglion Cyst is unknown but Herniation Hypothesis is being widely accepted. Herniation Hypothesis states that probable cause is thought to be due to weakened joint capsule which leads to distention and out-pouching.

The dye injected in joints space can enter the cyst but not vice a versa. This shows that though the joint space is some what continious in someways with cyst but with a Check-Valve Mechanism to prevent the cyst fluid entering into joint space. This oneway flow causes further bulging and herniation.

This hypothesis is supported by the fact that

  • The fluid within the cyst is Mucinous which resembles to synovial fluid
  • The microscopic anatomy of cyst resembles to that of tenosynovial tissue.
  • The dye experiment that shows that Joint Space and Cyst are continuous but with unidirectional flow towards cyst

Other probable mechanisms and causes of Ganglion Cyst

  • Joint stress leads to split in joint capsule that surrounds the joint, as a result the synovial fluid leaks into the tissue and create thicker cystic fluid with cyst wall
  • They may occur when the connective tissue breaks down around a joint. They tend to attach to an underlying joint capsule or tendon sheath.
  • Degenerative conditions of synovial joint post trauma or inflamation causes damage to proportion that body’s process of healing with primary patent intention becomes insufficient and body starts healing with secondary intention with compensatory mechanisms activated giving rise to abnormal joint capsule composition and malformed joint capsule linning making it more vulnerable and thus facilitating further damage over and over again and giving rise to ganglion.
  • Excessive Hyaluronic acid secretion by fibroblasts
  • Excessive proliferation of parenchymal cells
  • Myxoid degeneration of fibroid tissues and liquifaction.

Occupation plays an imoprtant role in development of ganglion, occupations where workers overuse certain joints, example wrist have a tendency to develop ganglion.

SYMPTOMS OF GANGLION CYST

Most of the ganglion cause some pain usually following acute repeatative trauma but about 30 to 35 % are without symptoms except for their appearance.

If pain is present, it is usually chronic and is made worse by continous movement of joint.

The swelling may appear over time or when the cyst is connected to a tendon or nerve there is sense of weakness and numbness in the affected finger.
Stiffness and spasms of joints may occur.

DIAGNOSIS OF GANGLION CYST

Ganglion cyst can be diagnosed easily based on the appearance and location of the cyst.

A routine X-ray or ultrasound can help to rule out other serious outcomes.
X-ray wil be usually normal unless there are changes related to arthritis.

HOMOEOPATHIC APPROACH IN CASE OF GANGLION CYST

As from above we see Ganglion cyst is disease condition that triggered due to degeneration there is overgrowth but its triggered as a secondary compensatory mechamism  where the tissue is degenerated and not the regular one

So this condition falls primarily under Syphylitic condition with Sychotic secondary processes.

In such patients its of much importance to evaluate general constitution and find out any other degenerative condition that also shows simultaneous regenerative as features within itself.

If such conditions are found or any other constitutional or miasmatic deep seated conditions are found at more than one site (which is usually found in such cases on very thorough case taking) then they need to be evauated with their totality and constitutional or miasmatic treatment should be given.

There are many cases where its an isolated condition with no other strong miasmatic or constutional features supporting of that can be linked to th ganglion cyst in such cases initially starting theraputically yeilds some results and also helps vital principle to express new symptoms which then will help get the constitution properly during second prescription

It is difficult to cure the condition with theraputically indicated medicine alone. It does resolve the visible cyst to nonpalpable level but it will resurface again and again soon after the action duration of the given theraputic is over. And to anihilate ot from roots it will require a deep acting constitutional medicine sooner or later.

INDICATED REMEDIES IN GANGLION CYST

CALCAREA FLOUR

Calcarea flour  is indicated in hard, stony glands, ganglions, and enlargement of joints. Calcarea flour is very well indicated in ganglion or encysted tumours at the back of the wrist. The patient usually experienes pain while moving the joint. Calcrea flour disperses bony growth, exostosis after injury. The patient presents with general stiffness of joints with numbness of affected part. The patient is sensitive to cold, to change in weather.

CALCAREA CARB

This remedy has great affinity towards glands, bone and skin. Impaired nutrition being the keynote of its action. Cacarea is indicated in case of ganglion of wrist. Presents with sharp, stitching pain as if parts are wrenched or sprained. Patient presents with weakness of extremities and swelling of joints. Well suited in arthritic nososities. Patient is worse from exertion both mental or physical. Complaints Worse from cold in every form and better by dry weather.

RUTA GRAVEOLENS

Ruta is know for its sphere of action on periosteum and cartilages. It is seen that Ruta has tendency to form deposits in periosteum, tendons and joints especially wrist. Ruta is one of the indicated remedy in ganglion of wrist. Bones of wrist and back of hand are painful as if bruised. Pain while lifting heavy weight. Numbness and tingling in hand after exertion. Feeling of intense lassitude, weakness and despair. Ruta is well suited to mechanical injuries of bones and periosteum which may be one of the causative factor for ganglion.

BENZOIC ACID

Benzoic acid has affinity towards all the joints especially wrist, knees and there is cracking on motion. Benzoic acid is indicated in gouty or rheumatic diathesis engrafted on a syhilitic patient. Indicated in ganglion with swelling of wrist. There are Gouty deposits on both the wrists. Paralytic pains, pain on movement of joints. Patient is usually sad, weak, debilitated and inclined to dwell on unpleasant things.

SILICEA

Silicea has affinity towards diseases pf bones, caries and necrosis. Indicated in case of ganglion cyst on wrist. Patient presents with stitching type of pain with numbnesss in fingers. Tonic spasms of hand when writing. Profuse sweat of hand with ganglion on back of the hand. Weakness rigidity and want of flexibility in fingers. Usually the complaints develop slowly. Silicea is Adapted to nervous, irritable, sanguine temperament, dry pale skin. Very oversensitive both mentally and physically.

SULPHUR

Sulphur is a deep acting antipsoric remedy. Its action is centrifugal that is from within outwards. Sulphur is indicated in case of ganglion and rheumatic complaints. Ganglion on back of wrist. Sprained pain and stiffness of wrist, worse in the morning. Presents with Paralytic weakness of hands and arms. Rigidity and wrenching pain in joints. Trembling of hands when strained. Sulphur patient is usually quick tempered, lean with stoop shoulder.

ONE OF OUR CASES OF GANGLION CYST CURED WITH HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES WITHOUT ANY SURGERY

BEFORE HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT

GANGLION CYST ON THUMB
GANGLION CYST ON THUMB, BEFORE TREATMENT

AFTER HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT

GANGLION CYST OF THUMB RESOLVED AFTER HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT
GANGLION CYST OF THUMB RESOLVED AFTER HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT
Dermatology, HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT, Infectious diseases

TINEA INFECTIONS DERMATOPHYTOSIS

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Tinea is the term used to describe a group of contagious skin infections caused by different type of fungi.

Dermatophytes are a group of organisms that are able to breakdown the skin tissues.

Dermatophytosis is mainly caused by microsporum, trichophyton and epidermophyton.

These dermatophytes grow best in warm and humid environments.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TINEA INFECTIONS

It affects many areas of skin and depending on thier location and fungal infection it has different names.

Common type of Dermatophytosis depending on the sites are as follows

TINEA CAPITIS

Scalp ringworm causes itchy patches on the head, it can leave bald spots, usually affects children.

TINEA BARBAE

It is the infection of the skin especially beard area and moustache and is usually seen in men.

TINEA CRURIS

It is also known as Jock’s itch. Infection of groin, vulva, inner thighs , buttocks.

TINEA CORPORIS

When Dermatophystosis presents on the parts of body like trunks, hands, feet etc.

TINEA UNGUIUM

It is infection of one or more finger nails or toe nails.

TINEA PEDIS

It is also known as Athlete’s foot, causes infection of the foot or inter digits of foot.

CAUSES OF TINEA INFECTIONS

Dermatophytosis are the group of organisms that are able to break down the skin tissue. The fungi reside in the soil and are involved in decomposition and can infect the living organisms.

Dermatophytes are transmitted from person to person and some are adapted to animals.

Dermatophytosis is mainly caused by microsporum, trichophyton and epidermophyton. These dermatophytes grow best in warm and humid environments.

It can be easily transmitted through skin to skin contact with an infected person or animal or through indirect contact with an object or surface that an infected person or animal has touched.

Bathroom floors, bathmaths, towels, showers and communal bathing, swimming and changing room areas are common source of infection.

On contact with skin, the dermatophyte spread to the surface layers of the skin.

SYMPTOMS OF TINEA INFECTION

Symptoms of the fungal infections vary depending upon the infection and affected tissues and area of the body.

The skin lesions are usually characterised by redness, inflammation that is more severe at the edges with raised and thick edges, it is usually seen that the central area is clear.

SYMPTOMATIC REPRESENTATION OF TINEA DEPENDING ON THE AFFECTED SITE

TINEA CAPITIS

Tinea Capitis is also known as scalp ringworm. It usually affects children. Seen in children with infection of hair and scalp. The infection is characterised by scaly, irregular or well marked redness with patchy hair loss, the patchy areas are dry with loss of hair and minimal inflammation.

TINEA BARBAE

The dermatophytic infection that involves hair and skin of the face that is the beard and moustache. The lesions may include scaling with pus along with redness.

TINEA FACIEI

It is seen on non beard parts of the face.

TINEA CRURIS

This is an acute to chronic infection of the groin and adjacent areas like inner thighs, butocks. The symptoms usually imclude burning, severe itching and redness with scales, raised edges, sharply demarcated borders with clear centre. Skin becomes dark in the centre as the lesion progreses.

TINEA CORPORIS

Tinea Corporis occurs on the trunk, hands and feet. The infection usually tends to spread to other areas. The lesions are usually pink to red or scaly and annular with slightly raised and sharp margins with clear centre. Sometimes lesions may present with pus.

TINEA UNGUIUM

Tinea Unguium is infection of nails characterised by thickened opaque, a discoloured or deformed nails. The nail may be separated from nail bed. Toe nails are more affected than finger nails.

TINEA PEDIS

Tinea Pedis is seen between the digits of feet. Commonly called as athlete’s foot. There is dryness, fissures and scales, moist lesions in some or all spaces. The lesions may be present with scaling of the soles with inflammation and dryness or redness.

ROLE OF HOMEOPATHY IN TINEA INFECTIONS

Homeopathic treatment is very beneficial and effective mode of treatment that boosts the bodys immune process to fight and eradicate fungal infections.
As the infection gets older, it tends to get more resistant to any form of treatment, once external applications are used for months together the infection becomes resistant. Homeopathy plays an important role in such cases.

INDICATED HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES

SULPHUR

Sulphur is very beneficial homeopathic medicine for various skin diseases. In cases of ring worm lesions sulphur is quiet useful.
The patient presents with intense itching and burning in erruptions. Indicated in cases of infections that have been suppressed by local medications of various kinds.

PSORINUM

Psorinum is one of the indicated remedy for skin infections. Mainly used for ringworm infections of scalp and bends of joints. There is severe itching in the affected area. Itching worse due to warmth of bed. Indicated in tinea capitis. The hair appears dry, rough, and lustreless. Profuse sweating with offensive body odour throughout the body.

SEPIA

Indicated in case of fungal infections appearing in isolated parts of body. Infections can occur on any part of the body, but common location is bends of knees and elbow. The erruptions are accompanied by itching and scratching, no relief from scratching. High senditivity towards cold air.
Irritable, indifferent towards family and friends.

THUJA

Thuja is indicated in skin infections. Main action is on skin. Indicated in case of dermatophytic infection where the erruptions are on the covered parts of the body, worse from scratching, very sensitive to touch. Worse at night from heat of bed, from cold damp air. Scratching and cold bathing makes the condition worse.

GRAPHITES

Graphitis is one of the indicated remedy for jocks itch Tinea Cruris with recurrent episodes. Indicated where the skin is dry, rough with severe itching. Sometimes moist crusty erruptions are seen on the parts. There is oozing of sticky exudation. Graphitis is effective for fungal infection around vulva.

ARSENIC ALBUM

Arsenic album is beneficial in Tinea Capitis. The scalp shows bald spots with intolerable itching with intense burning. The symptoms are usually worse at night. Arsenic alb helps to reduce itching and burning and also helps in regrowth of hair on bald spots.

SILICEA

Silicea is indicated in Fungal infections and dermatophytosis in Delicate pale waxy patient. Scars are painful. Eruptions itch only in the day time and evening. Crippled nails. Indicated in case of Tinea Pedis with offensive sweat, deep cracks between toes with intense itching and burning. Painful foul smelling ulcers of the foot.

PERTROLEUM

Petroleum is indicated in case of Tinea Pedis. Helps to drive away infection of foot. Presents with offensive sweat. Deep cracks between toes with intense itching and burning of skin. Crippled and brittle nails.

TELLURIUM

Tellurium is indicated in Dermatophytosis with lesions on large parts of the body. Usually it covers a broader area of skin. Presents with excessive itching and stinging sensation. Itching day and night. Cold air worsens the itching. Offensive odour from the affected area.

Dermatology, HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT, Opthalmology

CHALAZION

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WHAT IS CHALAZION?

Chalazion is a small, usually painless lump or swelling that appears on eyelids as a result of cyst formation due to blockage of duct of Meibomian gland or rarely of Glands of Zeis. It can appear on upper and lower eyelids. It can be single or multiple and can affect both the eyelids of both the eyes at same time.

CAUSES AND RISK FACTOR

CHALAZION is caused by a blockage in duct of one of the tiny Meibomian Gland of upper and lower eyelid or due to infection or inflammation of Meibomian Gland and rarely of Gland of Zeis in which it is usually secondary to Stye.

Meibomian Glands are responsible for secretion on Meibum which is oily in nature that traps tear within eye by forming thin layer above surface of secreted tear, thus retaining it in eye by not letting it spill out and also reduces evaporation of tears thus playing a major role in keeping eye moist. There are around 50 mebomian glands in upper eyelids and 25 mebomian glands in kower eyelids they are situated on the rim of eyelids on Tarsal plate

Glands of Zeis are sebaceous glands that open up in hair follicle of eyelash they secrete sebum to keep eyelids and eyelash soft and supple, it also plays part in providing lubrication. In this gland the chalazion formed is usually secondary to stye and is not too frequent.

It is more common in people with following risk factors

  • Chronic Blepharitis
  • Seborrhea
  • Rosacea
  • Long term inflammation of eyelids.
  • Infective conjunctivitis.
  • Person wearing contact lenses.
  • Those who have frequent exposure to pollution, smoke, dust etc.
  • Those using Kajal or Surma.

SYMPTOM OF CHALAZION

  • Painless lump or swelling in upper and lower eyelid usually visible or palpable.
  • It can affect both eyes at the same time.
  • Usually they are well defined round with sharp margin and whole surface of sphere is easily palpable if held netween fingers with eyelids gliding over it.
  • There can be one or multiple chalazia.
  • Sometimes in cases of multiple the chalazia, due to frequent secondary infections, they may mate and overlap adjecent chalazia.
  • In mated and overlaping multiple chalazia it becomes necessary to rule out malignancy.
  • Symptoms depend on its size larger chalazia may cause disturbance in vision due to obstruction of viewing fleid.
  • In some cases it may cause nystagmus.
  • If there is secondary infection then it  might be red and inflammed in appearance and may also occasionally be painful.
  • May complicate and show blepheritis as well.

DIAGNOSIS

Sometimes Chalazion may be confused with external or internal Stye.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STYE AND CHALAZION.

EXTERNAL STYE

Is caused due to infection in the area of eyelash follicle or sweat gland.

INTERNAL STYE

It is caused due to infection of a meibomian gland.

Difference between chalazia and stye is that stye are painful but chalazia usually aren’t and chalazia may develop after stye.

By physical examination or by asking the patient if there is pain so that it can be differentiated whether it is stye or chalazion. Although chalazion with secondary infection may be painful, so proper evaluation is required in all doubted cases, by checking the location and palaption helps to diagnose properly.

Chalazia those are abnormally large or has abnormal texture of skin over it or is fixed and skin over it is not freely gliding or they are recurring or multiple or overlaping or suspicious with other unusual characteristics should be investigated for malignancy.

Differential diagnosis includes

  • Stye
  • Mebomian adenoma
  • Carcinoma of sebaceous gland
  • Sarcoid Granuloma
  • Foreign Body Granuloma.

TREATMENT

Chalazion may disappear by its own just use a warm compression to your eyelid it can reduce the swelling. If it does not reduce then necesary treatment is essential.

ROLE OF HOMEOPATHY:

Under conventional mode of treatment, surgical removal of chalazion is the only option. which has its own comolications like dryness of eyes and irritation of eyes due to scar formation at site of excision and also it damages and makes mebomein glands non functional forever.

However, In homeopathy chalazion is treated in a non invasive manner with gentle and effective approach.

Few indicated homeopathic remedies in Chalazion are

APIS MELLFICA

Presents with swollen eyelids, redness, intolerance of heat and touch especially right sided with burning and stinging sensation.

PULSATILLA NIGRICANS

Patient presents with itching and thick profuse discharge, Worse in warm room better in open air. There is dimness of vision swelling of eyelid and patient wishes to rub or wipe eye constantly.

STAPHYSAGRIA

Indicated in Recurrent chalazion, better by warmth application. Sunken eyes , heat in eyeball, feel dry despite lachrymation.

THUJA OCCIDENTALIS

Indicated in case of Chalazion. Eyelids stick together, usually left sided, eye lid feel heavy as lead and may be dry and scaly. Bluring of vision.

GRAPHITES

Indicated in case of chalazion, recurrent stye, conjunctivitis, red and swollen eyelid with much dryness it is good for blepharitis too. Indicated remedy for eruption on lids that become hard over a period of time.

CALCAREA FLOURICA

Indicated in case of chalazion. Gland enlarged and become stony hard useful in patient has had chalazion for a very long time. Swelling of eyeild with pain.

CONIUM MACULATUM

Indicated in case of chalazion. Frequently used remedy for stye and chalazion which have a tendency to become stony hard over a period of time for chronic and long standing complaints.

HEPAR SULPHURIS

I have found this remedy effective in almost allthe cases of chalazion when given in 30 potency with frequent repetition 2-3 times a day for a prolonged period of time and then chalazion starts showing signs of inflamation after which the medicines should be stopped and soon we see the chalazion gradually is resoved in few weeks after the medicines were stopped.

Gynaecology, HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT

DYSMENORRHOEA

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Dysmenorrhoea is one of the commonest gynaecological condition that affects the quality of life of many women in their reproductive years.

Although it is not a serious medical problem. Usually menstrual cramps are a common problem for adolescent girls and women.

The menstrual symptoms are severe enough to keep her away from functioning at work or school for a day or two each month.

WHAT IS DYSMENORRHOEA?

Dysmenorrhoea is also known as painful periods or menstrual cramps.
It refers to pain occuring before or during menstruation or both. It is commonly reffered to as period pain or menstrual cramp.

TYPES OF DYSMENORRHOEA :

PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA

Primary dysmenorrhoea is a type where there is no underlying gynaecological disorder but is related to normal process of menstruation.

It is the most common type affecting more than 50 % of women.

This type is common in early 20’s or adolescent.

Fortunately for many women the problem eases as they mature, particularly after pregnancy.

SECONDARY DYSMENORRHOEA

In secondary dysmenorrhoea the pain is generally related to some kind of gynaecologic disorder.

Most of these disorders can be easily treated with medicines.

This type is more likely to affect during late adulthood.

CAUSES OF DYSMENORRHOEA :

Menstrual cramps occur because of contractions in the uterus or womb.
If the contractions are too strongly during menstrual cycle, it can press against the nearby blood vessels causing pain.

PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA :

It is thought to be caused by excessive level of prostaglandin hormones which is responsible for constraction during menstruation and child birth.

Factors that make the pain of primary dysmenorrhoea even worse include a heavier or irregular menstrual periods., lack of excercise, psychological or social stress, obesity, a positive family history of dys menorrhoea.

SECONDARY DYSMENORRHOEA :

Secondary dysmenorrhoea may be caused by a number of conditions.
Endometriosis : fragments of endometrial lining that are found on pelvic organs.
Fibroids: they are benign tumors that develop within the uterine wall.
Pelvic inflammatory disease: Infection of the fallopian tubes,.ovaries,.uterus and cervix.
Ovarian cys or tumours.

SYMPTOMS OF DYSMENORRHOEA :

The main symptom which the patient presents with is Pain.

The pain is usually present in the lower abdomen during menstruatution, with pain in the hips, lower back, thighs.

The pain usually starts shortly before or at thr begining of menstrual period.

Pain increases around 24 hours after start of menstrual bleeding and usually subsides after 2 to 3 days.

It usually presents Congestive or spasmodic type of pains.

Other symptoms include

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Headache
  • Fatigue
  • Mood swings
  • Irritability
  • Anxiety

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosis of dysmenorrhoea can be usually made based on the presenting complaints and history of the patient. When the symptoms are severe, pelvic examinatiom or an Ultrasound may be advised to rule out any underlying pathology.

HOMEOPATHIC APPROACH IN DYSMENORRHOEA.

Homeopathy is very beneficial in the treatment of dysmenorrhoea. The selection of homeopathic medicine is based on detailed case history and analysis of the patient. The aim is not only to treat pain but to also address the underlying cause of the complaints.

HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES COMMONLY INDICATED IN DYSMENORRHOEA ARE AS FOLLOWS

MAGNESIUM PHOSPHORICUM

Mag phos is one of the most indicated remedy for dysmennorhoea. The pains calling for it are neuralgic, crampy preceeding the flow and great indication for the use of this remedy is the relief from warmth and aggravation from motion. Uterine engorgements with characteristic crampy pains indicate this remedy.

PULSATILLA

Pulsatilla is indicated in case of dysmenorrhoea. The menses are dark in colour and delayed, the flow is sacnty with severe pain, with great chilliness. The pains gripe and double the patient up. Indicated in congestive and spasmodic type pain.

CIMICIFUGA

The characteristic indication of this remedy is dysmennorhoea. Pains flying accross the pelvic region from one side to other. It is especially useful im neuralgic and rheumatic cases. Headache preceeding menses., during mesnses sharp pains across abdomen has to double up, labor like pains with debility and scanty flow.

SEPIA

Indicated in case of dysmenorrhoea. Weak uterus, with bearing down senasation as if the organs would fall out must cross her legs. Menses delayed, sacanty, irregular, early or profuse. Violent pains upward in the vagina. Irritable tired and chilly. Desires sour food. Aggravation from cold and relieved from warmth.

SABINA

Indicated in dysmenorrhoea where there are severe cramps which extend from low back to pubis, also extends from uterus to thighs. Blood is bright red with clots. Shooting pains up in the vagina relieved by lying flat on back with extended limbs.

COCCULUS

Indicated in case of dysmenorrhoea in women who have cramping or pressing type of pain in the pelvic or abdominal region along with weakness and dizziness. Presents with headache and nausea, feeling of numbness of the body. Worse from standing or any exertion and relieved by lying down.

LILIUM TIG

Indicated in case of dysmenorrhoea which includes menstrual irritabilty and cramping pain with bearing down feeling during periods. The women may need to sit with crossed legs. Worse from strong emotions or excitement and better from fresh air.

BELLADONA

Indicated in case of dysmenorrhoea where the symptoms are very intense and come and go suddenly accompanied by a feeling of heat. The mesntrual flow is typically bright red, profuse and may have to begin too early with cramping pain worse from jar and touch, yet applying steady pressure relieves the patient. Aggravation from walking or bending.

COLOCYNTH

Colocynth is indicated in case of dysmenorrhoea. Presents with menstrual colic. Menstrual blood is dark red often with clots. Menstrual colic where relief comes from bending double or pressure applied by hand. Patient is very nervous.

CAULOPHYLLUM

Caulophyllum is indicated in case of dysmenorhoea where the patient presents with spasmodic pains. Bearing down pain. Continous spasms of uterus. Pain in the lower abdomen, back extending to thighs. Spasmodic pains in between periods.

FEW WAYS TO EASE THE MENSTRUAL PAIN.

  • Doing mild exercise like stretching, walking or cycling. Exercise improves blood flow and helps to reduce pelvic pain.
  • Take a warm bath
  • Holding a heating pad or hot water bag on lower abdomen or back wil help to ease the pain.
  • Avoid stress, practice yoga, meditation.
  • Avoid fatty and oily food.
  • Healthy and fibrous diet with plenty of water helps to ease the symptoms.
Endocrinology, Gynaecology, HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT, Psychiatry

PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME PMS

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Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) and role of Homeopathy

In many traditional cultures, the time of menstrual flow is considered as a period of cleaning and regeneration.

Most women live in dread of their monthly cycle.

If menstruation is a natural event, then why is it seen that most of women have health issues with their cycles?

The menstrual flow is regulated by a complex interaction of hormones. There are 3 phases of cycle. Average cycle is of 28 days.

You probably get some signs that your periods are appearing. For most women its not a big deal, but for others, the days before periods are harder which may interfere with your daily life. Then probably you are suffering from PMS.

PMS affects 75% of women especially in thier 20’s or 30’s.

WHAT IS PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME?

Pre Menstrual Syndrome is a constellation of symptoms both physical, emotional and behavioral which may affect women during certain days of mentrual cycle, generally just before her menses.

It usually affect most of the menstruating women.
It starts from 5 to 10 days before menses and typically goes away once menstruation begins.

CAUSES OF PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME

Exactly what causes PMS is unknown, but several factors may be considered which influence Pre menstrual syndrome.

HORMONAL CHANGES
Signs and symptoms of PMS change with hormonal fluctuations and disappear during pregnancy or menopause.

DEPRESSION
Some women with severe PMS have undiagnosed depression , anxiety, stress or history of mood disorders, emotional trauma.

FAMILY HISTORY
Family history of PMS may be one of the cause.

Fluctuations of serotonin, that is thoght to play a crucial role in mood states that could trigger PMS.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME:

Variety of symptoms have been attributed to Pre menstrual syndrome.

Women can have pre menstrual symptom of varying duration and severity from cycle to cycle.
The most frequent mood related symtoms of Pre menstrual emotional symptoms includes

  • Exaggerated mood swings
  • Anger and irritability
  • Tension
  • Depression
  • Overensitivity

Physical symptoms includes

  • Fatigue.
  • Bloating.
  • Weight gain.
  • Breast tenderness.
  • Acne.
  • Nausea, vomiting.
  • Diarrhoea.
  • Sleep disturbances.

The duration of Pre menstrual symptoms varies among women. Most women experience the symptoms for a few to several days prior to onset of their menses. PMS usually starts after ovulation, mid of the montly menstrual cycle, or jus few days before cycle.

DIAGNOSIS OF PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME

Pre menstrual syndrome is diagnosed based on the physical, emotional amd behavioral symptoms. If the changes occur consistently around mid menstrual cycle and persists until the menstrual flow begins, then PMS is probably the accurate diagnosis.

ROLE OF HOMOEOPATHY IN PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME

Homoeopathic Medicines have a very beneficial role in Pre Menstrual Syndrome PMS. They aim at correcting the underlying imbalances that lead to PMS. Homoeopathic treatment is based on detailed case study of the patient.
Few indicated Homeopathic remedies are.;

PULSATILLA NIGRICANS

Pulsatilla is indicated in pre menstrual syndrome. It is of great help for women with increased sensitivity towards pre menstrual syndrome. They have weeping tendency, tearfull eye, very sensitive and mild.
Open air makes them feel good. They have complaints of suppressed or delayed menses. Total absence of thirst. Tendency to gain weight before menses with headache, nausea and dizziness.

SEPIA

Sepia is indicated homeopathic medicine for pre menstrual syndrome. The patient presents mainly with irritability pre menstrual syndrome. There is aversion to indulge in physical or mental activity. Marked indifference. Extreme anger. Bearing down sensation, with bearing down pain in the uterus. Oily skin with acne before menses.

SILICEA

Silicea is one of the indicated remedy in pre menstrual syndrome. Indicated in case of extreme constipation before menses. They have great difficulty in passing stool. Stool receeds back after being partially expellled. She is mild, yielding with irritability and sadness before and during menstruation.

NATRUM MURIATICUM

Natrum mur is indicated in case of pre menstrual syndrome where the patient presents with depression, indifference, lack of self confidence, anxiety, suicidal tendency before or during menses. Presents with headache before menses.Tenderness and swelling of breasts with palpitation.

PHOSPHOROUS

Phosphorous is indicated in women who suffer from pre menstrual syndrome. There is great irritability, difficulty in concentrating. Indecesive, anxiety. Hot flushes on face. Swelling of face. Buring pain in vagina. Tendency to put on weight during menses. Tenderness in breast and nipples.

CALCAREA CARBONICUM

Calcarea carb is indicated in case of premenstrual syndrome. There is marked irritability, panic attacks, apprehension, anxiety. Headache and dizziness before periods,pain in the back and thighs.

LACHESIS

Indicated in pre menstrual syndrome, presents with marked irritability before menses. Suspicious, mistrustful

EASING THE SYMPTOMS OF PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME :

  • Eat balanced diet to improve your overall health and energy level.
  • Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.
  • Reduce oily, fatty food, and intake of salt and sugar.
  • Drink plenty of fluids to ease abdominal bloating.
  • Good quality sleep. Sleep atleast 7 to 8 hours to reduce fatigue.
  • Reduce stress.
  • Regular excercise to decrease bloating and improve mental health as well.
Gynaecology, HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT, Oncology

UTERINE FIBROID

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Uterine fibroid is the most common benign (non cancerous) tumor that grow in the wall of the uterus.
Uterine fibroids are also known as leiomyomas or myomas. They usually form in the child bearing age of a women.
Fibroids range in size from a size of a seedling undetectable to human eye to bulky masses that can enlarge the uterus.
There can be a single firbroid to multiple ones.

LOCATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF UTERINE FIBROIDS:

Most fibroids grow on the walls of the uterus. The major classification of fibroid is as follows.,

INTRA MURAL FIBROIDS :
Intra mural fibroids are usually located within the walls of the uterus and are the most common type of fibroids. Intra mural fibroid grow as a small nodule in the muscular wall of uterus, it may expand inwards. They are asympto.atic unless they are larger in size.

SUB-MUCOSAL FIBROIDS :
Sub mucosal fibroids are located in the muscle beneath the endometrium of uterus. Even small lesions in this location may bleed.

SUB-SEROSAL FIBROIDS :
They are located on the surface of the uterus. They can grow outward from the surface and remain attached by a small piece of tissue, they are also known as pedunculated fibroid.

CERVICAL FIBROID :
Cervical fibroid are usually located at the walls of the cervix.

CAUSES OF UTERINE FIBROIDS :

Uterine fibroids are common now a days, as many as one in five women may have fibroids during thier child bearing years.

Factors which cause Fibroid are.,

AGE : Fibroids become more common as women age., especially during 30’s and 40’s. After menopause fibroids usually shrink.

FAMILY HISTORY : Having a positive history of fibroid in family increases the risk of fibroid.

HORMONAL FACTOR : During the reproductive years the oestrogen and progesterone levels are higher. These hormones stimulate the development of uterine lining, can promote the growth of uterine fibroids due to various reasons.

OTHER FACTORS
Early menarche, Use of birth control pills, Obesity.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF UTERINE FIBROID

Most women with uterine fibroids are initially asymptomatic, but some women can present with the following symptoms :

  • Heavy bleeding and painful periods.
  • Low back pain.
  • Pressure pain or fullness in lower abdomen.
  • Constipation.
  • Enlarged abdomen.
  • Painful intercourse.
  • Frequent urination.
  • Complications during pregnancy.

DIAGNOSIS OF UTERINE FIBROID

Uterine fibroids are frequently found incidently during a routine pelvic examination.
Irregularities in the shape of uterus.
Lastly most of women present with some symptoms which suggest the presence of fibroid.

HOMEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT IN TRATMENT OF UTERINE FIBROID :

Homeopathic medicines help to manage the symptoms of uterine fibroids as well as help to resolve them.
Homeopathic medicines are selected based on detailed case analysis and individualisation of the patient.
Few indicated homeopathic remedies in Uterine fibroid are :

FRAXINUS AMERICANA :
Fraxinus americana is most significant and indicated remedy in case of uterine fibroid. The patient presents with bearing down sensation in pelvis from uterine fibroid. Copious bleeding, with severe cramps and chilliness during menses.

THALASPI BURSA :
Thalaspi bursa is another indicated remedy in case of uterine fibroid. Patient presents with complaints of frequent menstruation. Violent uterine colic, cramping pain in abdomen. Low back pain during menses, menstrual bleed is profuse with presence of clots.

TRILLIUM PENDULUM :
Trillium pendulum is indicated in uterine fibroid cases with severe mentrual cramps with low back pain. The pain may radiate from back to hip. Profuse intermenstrual bleeding. Bleeding every 2 weeks.

CALCAREA CARBONICA :
Indicated in case of uterine fibroids. Usually suited to women who are over weight, fair flabby, menses are profuse due to uterine fibroid. Great chilliness. Vertigo during menses. Severe pain in abdomen and back.

SABINA OFFICINALIS :
Sabina is indicated in uterine fibroids, profuse menstrual bleeding along with clots. Slight motion increases menstrual bleeding. Pain from saccrum to pubis. Pain better by lying on the back. Pain may extend to the thighs.

USTILAGO:
Indicated in uterine fibroid where menstrual bleeding is dark red, clots are usually present. Uterine bleeding is stringy in nature. Pain in lower back and abdomen.

SEPIA:
Indicated in case of uterine fibroids. Griping , bearing down pains during menses. Menses start early and are copious. Fainting spells and chilliness during menses. Indicated in painful intercourse in uterine fibroid cases.

FERRUM METALLICUM: Indicated remedy for fibroid in uterus which result in anaemia from excessive menstrual flow.
Pale watery uterine bleed. Labour like pains in abdomen and back. Weakness and fatigue present.

AMMONIUM CARB:
Indicated in case of fibroid uterus. Profuse menstrual flow, blood looks black in colour and clotted. Extreme pain in abdomen and back radiating to thigh.

ERIGERON CANADENSIS:
Indicated remedy in case of fibroid uterus. Indicated mostly for frequent urination , with severe pain. Excessive menstrual bleed which is bright red in colour.

ENT, HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT

EPISTAXIS

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Epistaxis is a medical condition in which bleeding occurs from the nasal cavity of the nostril.
Epistaxis is also known as nose bleed or acute haemorrhage.
Approximately about 60% of the population is affected by epistaxsis at some point of thier life.But only few require medical attention.

What Causes Epistaxis?

The major factors which causes nosebleed or epistaxsis are

  • Bursting of blood vessels within the nose.This may be spontaneous or caused by trauma.
    Blunt trauma (usually a sharp blow to face such as a punch, or fall on nose).
  • Foriegn bodies or picking of nose.
  • Respiratory tract infections like chronic sinusitis, rhinitis, or certain environmental irritants.
  • Rise in blood pressure: Hypertension.
  • Nasal sprays or prolonged use of nasal steriods.
  • Structural or anatomical deformities.
  • Exposure to warm dry air for prolonged period of time.
  • Deficiency of vitamins
  • Blood dyscrasias and various other systemic causes.

SYMPTOMS OF EPISTAXSIS

During a nose bleed, blood will flow from one or both the nostril. It may last anywhere from few seconds to more than 5-10 mins.

If bleeding is heavy enough the blood can fill up the affected nostril and flow into the nasopharynx.

Excessive blood loss from nosebleeds does not often occur.
If in case there is excessive blood loss it may cause dizziness, fainting, confusion, loss of alertness.

Additional bleeding from other parts of the body such as bleeding gums while brushing teeth, blood in urine/ bowel moments/ easy bruising indicate inability of blood to clot.

DIAGNOSIS

In majority of people, cases of anterior nosebleeds are self diagnosed. If nosebleeds fail to respond to first aid measures doctors advice is neccesary.

HOW TO STOP A NOSE BLEED

Sit down firmly, pinch the soft part of your nasal cavity just above your nostril for few minutes.

Place a covered ice pack on the bridge of your nose.

Lean forward and breathe through your mouth that will drain blood down your nose instead of your throat.

Stay upright rather than lying down. This reduces Blood pressure.

ROLE OF HOMEOPATHY IN TREATMENT OF EPISTAXSIS

Homeopathic medicines are highly beneficial in treatment of recurrent tendency of Epistaxsis. Homeopathic medicines are selected based on detailed case analysis and individualised approach in each case. Homeopathic medicines helps to treat the underlying cause leading to nose-bleed. They help to reduce bleeding tendency by strengthening the nasal mucus membrane.

Few indicated Homeopathic remedies in Epistaxis are discussed below,

ARNICA MONTANA

Arnica montana is highly reliable and efficient remedy for treatment of epistaxis caused by injury. Arnica is a anti traumatic remedy. Arnica is usefull in nose-bleed of growing children.

HAMAMELIS

Hamamelis is a very effective anti haemorrhagic medicine for epistaxsis. It is effective in bleeding from various orifices of the body including nose bleed. Indicated when the blood is dark and incoaguable.

PHOSPHOROUS

Phosphorous is one of the efficient medicine in controlling bleeding from various orifices of the body. Phosphorous helps in reducing the tendency towards recurrent epistaxsis episode.

CROCUS SATIVUS

Crocus sativus is another effective medicine for epistaxis with dark or blackish stringy nasal bleeding. Along with bleed there is extreme physical weakness and weariness. Episodes of epistaxis in summer are very well treated with Crocus sativus.

LACHESIS

Lachesis is a significant anti hemorrhagic remedy used for treating various bleeding tendencies. Discharges are black, thick bloody. Some may complain of acridity in blood which irritates or corrodes the lip and mouth.

FERRUM METALICUM

Ferrum metalicum works well when nasal bleed is bright red in colour. In such cases along with epistaxis symptoms of anaemia are also present. Extreme exhaustion, weakness and debility is present.

AMMONIUM CARB

Ammonium carb is useful for epistaxsis from nasal crusts. Indicated when nosebleed occur because of peeling of nasal crusts that gets formed due to dry nasal catarrah. Epistaxis early morning while washing face.

CARBO VEGETABILIS

Carbo vegetabilis is an ideal homeopathic medicine for epistaxis, patient suffering from frequent episodes of nasal bleeding. Due to blood loss the face of the patient appears pale, with loss of vitality.

KALIUM BICHROMICUM

Indicated in nose bleed with dry coryza preceeded by pressure and tightness at the root of the nose.
Bloos thick dark red in colour with persistent tickling in the nostril.

SEPIA

Epistaxis during pregnancy or in women suffering from uterine troubles. Bright red flow of blood alternately appearing several times a day.

HOW TO PREVENT NOSE BLEED

Avoid picking your nose and blowing your nose hard if its blocked due to cold or hay fever.

Always follow instructions that come along with nasal congestants.

Wear a head guard while playing sports.

Endocrinology, Gynaecology, HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT, Psychiatry

MENOPAUSE

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Menopause and Climacteric age related complaints and its management with Homeopathic Medicines.

Women tend to put everyone else’s need first when it comes to health concerns but sometimes the care taker needs a little care herself.
Homeopathy addresses a wide range of womens health issues, most important among them is MENOPAUSE.

WHAT IS MENOPAUSE?

Menopause can be defined as the point in time when menstrual cycles permanently cease due to natural depletion of ovarian oocytes due to aging.

The diagnosis is made retrospectively after the women has missed her periods for 12 consecutive months.
It marks the permanent end of fertility.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MENOPAUSE

Some women may experience few or no symptoms of menopause while others experience multiple physical and psychological symptoms.
So it is imortant to remember each womens experience is highly individualistic.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS DURING MENOPAUSE

HOT FLUSHES

Hot flushes are sudden feeling of heat. Hot flushes are common among women undergoing menopause. They usually last for 30 seconds to several minutes. Hot flushes are usually due to hormonal fluctuations. They experience sweating, palpitation, flushing of face.
Hot flushes start usually few months or years before your period stops and usually continues for several years after your last period.

How can one deal with Hot flushes?

  • If u feel flush coming on, spray your face with cold water.
  • Keep the room cooler.
  • Sip cold or iced drinks.
  • Have luke warm shower.

MOOD SWINGS

Changes in hormone production affect the mood of women during menopause. They present with feelings of irritability, depression, mood swings.

VAGINAL DRYNESS

The decreased production of hormones can affect the thin layer of vaginal wall, may also present with itching around the vulva.

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Lower level of hormones cause changes in the urinary tract, makes them more susceptible to infections.

SKIN AND HAIR CHANGES

Due to reduced level of hormones hair may become dry brittle causing loss of hair.Due to aging there may be dryness of skin and loss of elasticity.

INSOMNIA

During menopause it might be hard to fall asleep.
It is important to try some relaxation/breathing techniques and excercise which helps the patient to overcome insomnia.

HOMEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT FOR MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME

Although menopause is a naturally occuring phase of life, this doesnt mean that you have to suffer while it lasts.
Homeopathy is a holistic system of medicine that treats the patient on the basis of individualisation where your physical as well as emotional smptoms are equally important.

HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS FOR MENOPAUSE

PUSATILLA NIGRICANS

Pulsatilla is most often indicated in menopausal women who are very sensitive, emotionally weak, weeping tendency, mild and yielding. She feels better from reassurance. The hot flushes are worse in warm room and better out in fresh open air. Pulsatilla patient is usually hot and thirstless. History of difficult periods and pre menstrual symptoms.

SEPIA

Sepia is indicated in case of menopause. Patient presents with hot flushes that are associated with weakness increased perspiration, feeling of heat usually ascending upwards. Emotionally sensitive.

GRAPHITES

Graphitis is indicated in women who are chilly, pale, sluggish. Tendency towards weight gain during or after menopause. Hot flushes and sweats at night are often seen. Tendency towards skin problems with oozing cracked erruptions.

NATRUM MURIATICUM

Natrum muriaticum is indicated in women who seem to be very reserved. Has strong emotions which she hides. Indicated in case of hot flushes, irritability, mood swings. Craving for salt. Sun headache.

LACHESIS

Lachesis patient typically experiences flushes of heat primarily on falling asleep, throughout night or while waking. The most intense hot flushes happen without any perspiration, dry heat. One of the most common remedies used in hot flushes.

SULPHUR

Sulphur is often helpful for hot flushes during menopause. Very anxious.
Weeps and worries about her health.

IGNATIA AMARA

Ignatia is often helpful for emotional ups and downs occuring during menopause. The women is very sensitive,
Hysterical, moody. She tries to hide her feelings and becomes defensive. Tendency to sigh, outbursts of tears or laughter are strong indications of Ignatia.

STAPHYSAGRIA

Staphysagria women is usually mild, mannered , shy and accomodating and has many suppressed emotions. Women around time of menopause become very depressed or have outbursts of rage.

CALCAREA CARBONICA

Calcarea carb is indicated in women with heavy bleeding, night sweats, flushing of face despite general chilliness. Weight gain during menopause.

GLONOINUM

A women needing this remedy often has hot flushes that are sudden violent and with upward rush of blood to head causing severe headache, palpitations, cannot bear least jar of motion.

SOME USEFUL ADVICE TO BE FOLLWED DURING MENOPAUSE

There are number of ways you can ease the stress of Menopause through self care.

Keep track of when you feel discomfort whether physical or emotional. Practice Yoga or excercise which will help you to reduce the intensity of complaints.

Being kind to yourself is truly important at this point of life. Make some time for yourself, do things which intrests you.

Pay attention to your diet and water intake. Increase intake of fresh veggies and fruits which will help to strenghten your immune system and help to cope with the stress of changes in the body.